Many firms use ranking systems for the employee performance evaluation process, where they reward with higher wages to top performers and lower wages to low performers. However, in some firms, payoffs of an employee depend on the final outcomes of the assigned tasks and not on the relative...

Interpretation of fiscal statutes, as contrasted from interpretation of other enactments, is a nuanced task as a variety of additional considerations apply. Jurisprudential survey reveals that the complexity is accentuated when subordinate fiscal legislation particularly those relating to...

Taxation, as the right of every sovereign, has always witnessed constant repulsion and challenge by the subjects in as much as taxation per se is a compulsory exaction by the State . Any rationale for the compulsory acquisition notwithstanding, the sovereign State is often at odds with other...

Whether or not refund is due to an assessee, is in itself a vexed question which requires judicial determination and appellate endorsement. Whether or not interest is payable on such refund, is no lesser vexed question. While in common law it is well settled that interest is payable for...

An inquiry into the innate nature of a tax presupposes examination of an intricate web of variables, which on most occasions results into raging debates. For examples, whether a tax on service provider is a tax on service or a professional tax, whether a tax on capital value of assets is same as...

There is an ongoing extensive debate, virtually touching each jurisdiction, regarding the levy of taxes on digital services. Each country, especially the Source countries which have an extensive consumer base of digital services, is grappling with the increasing pressure to tax such services...

Commercial transactions are complex. More complex are the price–setting negotiations. In a commercial world cross-supplies are not uncommon and equally common is the trend of price adjustment wherein one lump-sum price is agreed as a final measure after offsetting different price components...