Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the concept of ḍamān al-milkiyyah (ownership risk) and to assess its … profit without adequately bearing the liability for potential loss. Social implications The condition of ḍamān al …

different risk pools and applying rules of collective liability together with rules enforcing or incentivizing the (re …)allocation of (individual) liability within separate risk pools. The paper surveys and assesses different AI liability schemes …How do we apply liability rules in cases in which hardware, software, and data all come from different sources, and in …

Law and economics are both hostile to liability for exposure to risk without actual harm. Harm is the foundation of … civil remedies. Economics teaches that adequate compensation in the event of harm eliminates risk, obviating the need for … compensation for exposure. I show that if there is risk that compensation will fail to equal the value of the harm, as must always …

modelling and quantifying physical climate risks. However, the emerging risk of climate litigation has proven particularly … exposure to climate litigation risk.Modelling Climate Litigation Risk for (Re)Insurers assembles a toolkit to help academics …, attorneys, insurance practitioners, and industry regulators model (re)insurer climate litigation risk. Section 2 of this report …