Tracing back to the Venetian patent law of the 1400s the motivation underlying the grant of the patent was to encourage … society. A patent generally gives its owner the right to prevent third parties from exploiting that same invention or creation …. As a reward or encouragement, it empowers the patent owner to secure a ‘producer surplus’ above that which would be …

between the propensity to jointly own a patent and proximity in the product market; b) joint patents are associated with less …

This article investigates patent protection for a long sequence of innovations where firms repeatedly supersede each … using a patentability requirement--a minimum innovation size required for patents. A patentability requirement can stimulate … to innovation …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

exponential growth of patents claiming human DNA sequences might result in patent thickets, royalty stacking and, ultimately, a … inventions accessible for further use in research, diagnosis or treatment. The models include patent pools, clearing house … problems in the current gene patent landscape. • Descriptions of major models currently used to deal with patent thickets …

This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of … imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize … the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …

Incentivizing innovation through buyouts may alleviate the social costs associated with patent power, but the political … setting of countries with different innovation and financing capabilities, and where financing governments rely on taxes to …

The literature on patent buyouts has focused on single-economy settings, where buyouts are welfare improving relative … world with two heterogeneous countries featuring different sizes and innovation capacities. Moving to an international … system of global patent protection paired with domestic price subsidies, and only intersovereign transfers can achieve a …