In February 2018, the VIX index has seen its largest ever increase and has lead to significant losses for some major … linear causality in the VIX index and its derivatives during January and February 2018. Due to the shortcomings of … statistical inferences for stochastic volatility models, the dynamics of the volatility expectation index VIX remain controversial …

expected future earnings of a vessel. We investigate the corresponding hedging efficiency when using a portfolio of FFA prices … to hedge ship price risk of both static hedge ratios calculated using Ordinary Least Squares estimation and the dynamic … hedge ratios generated from a dynamic conditional correlation GARCH (1,1) model. We find that the hedging efficiency is …