affects labor markets in sending countries, particularly the wages of workers who do not emigrate. Most studies find that … emigration increases wages in the sending country but only for non-emigrants with substitutable skills similar to those of … country loses many highly educated workers, the economy can become less productive altogether, leading to lower wages for …

policies and higher wages than the periphery without inducing a relocation of firms. The scope to have higher wage is …

have substantial effects on wages and income inequality. Urban costs play an important role for locational and economic … with endogenous markups on wages and selection. With increasing commuting technology only more productive and less firms … survive. Firms have higher costs because they have to pay higher wages to compensate workers for the higher urban costs …

wages reflect this, with lower pay for greater uncertainty. We use the dispersion of exam grades within a field of education … as an indicator of the unobserved heterogeneity that employers face. We find solid evidence that starting wages are lower …