which are under patent protection in India. The Indian prices of DPP-4 inhibitors are higher than those of other drugs in … the same segment, but only a fraction of the price in the U.S. and other developed countries (i.e., the patent holders … practice international differential pricing). The patent holders also license the products out voluntarily to local …

. Relying on cross-industry differences in the use of patents, we exploit firm-level variation in exposure to India's patent …We study the effect of stronger patent protection on innovation activities of firms and firm-product level markups … reform. For firms more exposed to stronger patent protection, we find an increase in patenting and R&D expenditure post …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …

.S. "exhausts" all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … subjects the firms that source in the South and sell in the North to the risk of a patent infringement lawsuit but allows the …