either act as complements or substitutes, depending on whether one is looking forward or backward in time. Regulatory fraud …

parsimonious explanation for several empirical regularities documented in the literature on fraud …

an external regulatory authority or RA (who investigates for fraud and levies penalties ex post). When the RA cannot pre …

We study the extent of fraud in initial coin offerings (ICOs), and whether information disclosure prior to the issuance … predicts fraud. We document different types of fraud, and that fraudulent ICOs are on average much larger than the sample … suggests that there are risks related to disclosing the code. Generally, we find it extremely difficult to predict fraud with …

crime that are related to economic determinants: property crimes (including robbery, theft and car theft), fraud and usury … tax evasion positively affects economic crimes. Notably, the elasticity of tax evasion to fraud is related to the size of … adjustment costs. Finally, we find that property crimes, fraud and usury are not influenced by deterrence or clearing …