The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current cartel fine levels of the European Union and the United … results show that on average these cartel overcharges are significantly larger than the criminal fines of either the European …

We investigate the impact of cartel breakdowns on merger activity. Merging information on cartel cases decided by the … average number of all merger transactions increase by up to 51 percent when comparing the three years before the cartel … even more – by up to 83 percent – after the cartel breakdowns. Our results not only suggest that competition authorities …

. Effective private enforcement requires that cartel victims can receive (at least) full compensation for the harm suffered …. Academics and competition authorities support this goal with guidance for the calculation of cartel damages. However, they … several years until cartel victims obtain damages. Interest and inflation are thus two key drivers of adequate compensation …