This paper studies the optimal component procurement strategies of two competing OEMs selling substitutable products. The OEMs outsource their production to a common contract manufacturer, who in turn needs an input from a component supplier. Each OEM may either directly procure the input from...

Problem definition: Restaurants can provide catering services to customers through the traditional offline channel or online food delivery platforms. Platforms claim they deserve to receive a positive commission fee from restaurants as they help restaurants expand their market and gain access to...