The article explores the implications of natural resource scarcity in terms of global cooperation and trade. We investigate whether there exist stable international long-term agreements that take into account the disparities between countries in terms of geological endowments and productive...

The evidence suggests that resource-rich countries tend to exhibit a relatively constant level of economic complexity, with limited progress. To investigate the underlying causes of this phenomenon, we employed a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) model using data from the top 20 resource-rich economies...