In tension with the standard assumption that individuals understand how to act on their beliefs about economic quantities, research measuring subjective beliefs has found that the relationship between beliefs and behavior is often quantitatively weak and that correcting beliefs often fails to...

This paper is concerned with the problem of click fraud detection. We assume each visitor of a website carries a latent indicator, which labels him/her as a regular or malicious user. Information such as number of clicks, number of page views (PVs) and time difference between consecutive clicks...