This paper examines the evolution of national competition (antitrust) policies and enforcement approaches vis … competition policy approaches toward intellectual property licensing arrangements in the US, Canada and the EU. Part 3 elaborates … the foundational insights that have motivated competition policy interventions with respect to 'newer' issues such as anti …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

consequences, showing how an incumbent may create a patent portfolio in order to control market entry and to collude. The incumbent … fixes the level of patent protection and the threat of denunciation reduces the entrants expected profits; moreover, if the … entrant deviates from collusion, the incumbent can strengthen punishment suing the competitor for patent infringement …

In a patent infringement suit, the alleged infringer wins with a ruling of either patent invalidity or non …-period competition, but simultaneously removes constraints to successful future innovation. The choice of whether to vigorously pursue … patent invalidation may also affect incentives to innovate. We adapt the "innovative industries'' model of Segal and Whinston …