If producers have more information than consumers about goods' attributes, then they may use non-price (rather than … conditions. Although consumers should be indifferent between equivalent changes in goods' prices and quantities, empirical … evidence suggests that consumers often respond differently to price changes and equivalent quantity changes. We offer a …

pricing but also alters firms' strategic incentives. We show that exclusive access to a list of consumers can provide … lists of consumers, exclusive data availability intensifies market competition. …

includes a share of the consumers in the market around one of the firms. Data are never sold exclusively. Despite the data are … to its competitors. Such market outcome is not socially optimal, and a regulator that aims to maximise consumers and …

Increased sales due to promotions could be at the expense of competitors: such sales come from consumers with … relatively weak brand preferences. However, increased sales from brand loyal consumers could well cannibalize sales of the … promoted brand. An unintended consequence of promotions is that loyal consumers who otherwise would be willing to pay high …

pricing but also alters firms' strategic incentives. We show that exclusive access to a list of consumers can provide … lists of consumers, exclusive data availability intensifies market competition …