Though the international laws are applicable not only to the real world but also to cyberspace, the Internet is vulnerable against cyberattack, because it is fairly difficult to identify the real actor, when the attack is made by "bots" or through anonymization methods(attribution problem). As...

Urban economists hypothesize that industrial diversity matters for urban growth and development, but metrics for empirically testing this relationship are limited to simple concentration metrics (e.g. location quotient) or summary diversity indices (e.g. Gini, Herfindahl). As shown by recent...

Over the last decades, at a European level, efforts have been made so that regions become capable of sustainable economic growth, with great social cohesion and better distribution of wealth, while at the same time under open market conditions, they are being exposed to external competitiveness....