This paper presents new evidence on the causal relationship between fertility and female labor supply. We particularly … focus on how informal employment affects post-fertility labor supply behavior of mothers. We employ an instrumental variable …. We find that fertility causally affects female labor supply. After the first twin birth, female labor supply declines …

Growth theory can go a long way toward accounting for phenomena linked with U.S. economic development. Some examples … are: (i) the secular decline in fertility between 1800 and 1980, (ii) the decline in agricultural employment and the rise …-force participation from 1900 to 1980, (v) the baby boom from 1936 to 1972. Growth theory models are presented to address all of these …

While a large body of literature focuses on how fertility affects female labour market participation, there are … relatively few studies that examine the effect of fertility on male labour market participation. Even if the burden of child care … falls mainly on women, an exogenous increase in fertility is likely to change the optimal allocation of time, therefore, the …