This paper examines the impact of unemployment on out-migration by distinguishing between return and onward migration …, unemployment and out-migration using administrative data from the Netherlands. Our findings suggest that unemployment triggers … return migration more than onward migration. When total earnings are low unemployment increases the hazard of return …

in geographical mobility, unemployment and labor market institutions. Rational agents vote over unemployment insurance … unemployment, low geographical mobility and high unemployment insurance, and one American steadystate featuring low unemployment …, high mobility and low unemployment insurance. …