into export markets, we use a model with heterogeneous firms, trade in differentiated goods, and variable external … economies of scale to sort out the rich interactions between TBT reform, input diversity, firm-level productivity, and aggregate … productivity. We calibrate the model for 14 industries in order to clarify the theoretical ambiguities. Overall, our results tend …

technology trade, marketing and imperfect capital markets. Paying an import with export goods rather than cash (barter) helps to … overcome incentive problems that arise in debt repayment of highly indebted countries. Payment in export goods removes the … an export (countertrade) helps to solve the incentive problems related to the technology transfer to developing countries …