This paper presents new evidence on the causal relationship between fertility and female labor supply. We particularly … focus on how informal employment affects post-fertility labor supply behavior of mothers. We employ an instrumental variable …. We find that fertility causally affects female labor supply. After the first twin birth, female labor supply declines …

are: (i) the secular decline in fertility between 1800 and 1980, (ii) the decline in agricultural employment and the rise …

We present a dynamic life-cycle model of women's labor supply, marriage, and fertility choices that explicitly … forms of health on other life dynamics, with better mental health having stronger impacts on marriage and fertility outcomes … employment have long-lasting eects on life decisions, life satisfaction, and income due to their interaction with fertility …