The book presents an overview of the general aspects of trade uncertainty, a central element in the analysis of economic diplomacy, illustrating that some instruments, such as sanctions (both positive and negative), increase trade uncertainty, whilst others--multilateral trade policy, for...

Introduction 1. - Economic Coercion in Theory and Practice 8 . - Evaluating Sanction Effectiveness 32 . - Why Does the President Sanction? Beyond the Conventional Wisdom 59 . - When Does the President Sanction? An Empirical Analysis 90 . - Is There a Target Selection Bias? 132 . - The Decision...

Economic sanctions are a frequently used tool of foreign policy. Constraining trade flows towards or from the target country is supposed to coerce its government into changing certain policies. However, sanctions constitute an obstacle to trade, thereby affecting flows of all countries,...