We propose a formal concept of the power of voice in the context of a simple model where individuals form groups and trade in competitive markets. Individuals use outside options in two different ways. Actual outside options reflect the possibility to exit or to join other existing groups....

This chapter analyzes the evolution of welfare states and redistributive models in Eastern Europe and in the countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The highest levels of total social spending and degrees of redistribution were consolidated in countries with...