Algorithms have found their way into courtrooms, college admission committees, and human resource departments. While defendants and other disappointed parties have challenged the use of algorithms on the basis of due process or similar objections, it should be expected that they will also...

Time is a lawmaking tool, and one that is available to all lawmakers. New law can be applied retroactively or prospectively, and it can be done so with a vengeance; a statute or judicial decision might apply only to events that took place before some past date or only to transactions in the...