In this paper we examine the characteristics and stability of individual stock and portfolio betas of stocks listed in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) using samples of 500 individual stocks and 500 portfolios of 10 stocks each. We begin with a methodology similar to the basic event study...

With international commitments to reduce CO2 emissions by 50-70% by 2030 and 100% by 2050-2070, the search for cost-efficient tools continues. CO2 taxes are theoretically efficient and simple, but they face public resistance. Renewable energy sources like wind power can substitute CO2 taxes, but...