отдельных сферах. The paper discusses the economic model of Kazakhstan specifics, in particular, the policy of creating a …

gains taxation, innovation subsidies, public R&D spending and other policy initiatives. …

to integrate endogenous technological progress. Nevertheless, several complexities of innovation are still neglected even … modelling literature through a special lens. We discuss how existing models deal with different types of innovation (i ….e. product and process innovation) and how differences in innovation activities influence modelling results. We also emphasise …