pensions and on a particular type of unfunded (PAYG) pension. Surprisingly little is known about the optimal split between … types of pension system. This paper calculates the expected welfare of agents in differenteconomies where in the steady … state the importance of PAYG pensions differs. We estimate how the optimal level of unfunded, state pensions depends on rate …

entitlements, the pension age must be automatically updated to keep the period in retirement constant. Alternatively, policy …Continuous longevity improvements and population ageing have led countries to modify national public pension schemes by … increasing the standard and early retirement ages in a discretionary, scheduled, or automatic way, and by making it harder for …