quality when its reports conform to the consumer's prior expectations. We use this fact to build a model of media bias in …

constituents during times of low media attention to politics. Combining data on campaign finance donations made by individuals and …

access only to friendly media outlets and denying access to critical ones. While an incumbent prefers positive bias, granting … gatekeeping can induce a quid pro quo relationship: media provides coverage with positive bias in exchange of future access …, thereby affecting electoral outcomes in favor of incompetent incumbents. The degree of access media enjoy increases with …

This paper provides a model of how media environments affect political polarization. We first develop a model of how … media environments, characterized by their levels of accessibility and variety of content, interact with citizens … which politicians react to those media-influenced views. We show how equilibrium polarization is affected by changes in the …

We build a framework linking competition in the media market to political participation. Media outlets report on the … results can reconcile seemingly contradictory empirical evidence showing that entry in the media market can either increase or …

We review the theoretical literature on market determinants of media bias. We present a theoretical framework that …

benefit for the viewers. -- price coordination ; two-sided markets ; media economics …