redistribution in response to rising unemployment was weaker in 2008‐13 than in the first half of the 1990s. As unemployment and … more permissive of cuts in unemployment insurance generosity and income assistance to the poor. At constant generosity, the … employees do not have the same access to unemployment benefits as permanent employees. …

We present a dynamic quantitative trade and migration model that incorporates downward nominal wage rigidities and show … how this framework can generate changes in unemployment and labor participation that match those uncovered by the ….S. states, including many that experience unemployment during the transition. However, nominal rigidities reduce the overall U …