We derive a simple equation for the welfare gains from trade when tariffs are liberalized or iceberg trade costs fall … the analysis of Arkolakis, Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2012) to encompass revenue-generating import tariffs. Our formula … countries with relatively high status quo tariffs, our formula predicts 30-60\% larger gains from trade than the icebergs only …

further indicate that the market of health products is dominated by a small number of developed countries. Looking at tariffs … overall level of tariffs is low, but far from being zero, especially in the last three country groups. Finally, studying the … tariffs on health products in preferential trade agreements between developing countries, the results show that the tariff …

We show in a multi-sector, heterogeneous-firm trade model that the effect of tariffs on entry, especially in the … MFN tariffs (the Uruguay Round), with two-thirds of the remainder due to preferential trade agreements and one third due … countries – would have benefited from going beyond free trade to subsidizing their imports in 1990, since their optimal tariffs …