We use an accounting-based approach to link two primary measures of ‘value' to expected returns for countries: earnings-to-price (E/P) and book-to-price (B/P). We document that when country-level earnings are less affected by accounting distortions related to conservative accounting for...

Style investing has become part of the investing nomenclature for equity markets. To date, despite the massive size of fixed income markets, little research has examined the efficacy of style-based investing in fixed income. In this paper we summarize a common style based framework for capturing...

Despite theoretical and intuitive reasons for a credit risk premium, past research has found little supporting empirical evidence. This is primarily due to biases in computing credit excess returns which improperly account for term risk. Using data spanning 80 years in the U.S., and nearly 20...