We merge a financial market model with leverage-constrained, heterogeneous agents with a reduced-form version of the New-Keynesian standard model. Agents in both submodels are assumed to be boundedly rational. The financial market model produces endogenously arising boom-bust cycles. It is also...

We use a simple model to illustrate that nominal GDP targeting might produce a suboptimal equilibrium if there is a growth-maximizing rate of inflation. Following a shock, we find that targeting nominal GDP might result in lower real GDP growth than the economy could sustainably produce given...

The present work estimates collected seigniorage levels in the Venezuelan economy from 1994Q1 to 2018Q2 and tries to determine when and if a seigniorage-maximizing inflation rate occurred and this way provide a rational on the development of hyperinflation in the country. Results suggest that...

Many emerging market economies have a higher tolerance for inflation than industrialized economies. Recent empirical studies find nonlinear effects of inflation and that the threshold rate is higher for emerging countries. Motivated by the fact that emerging countries have higher business costs,...

This report is one of the first studies discussing monetary base analysis and control model, a concept even today is alive and more developed by, for example, by IMF to use its analysis. The study presents monetary base approach to control of money flows and the links between monetary base,...

Bitcoin has enabled competition between digital cryptocurrencies and traditional legal tender fiat currencies. Despite rapidly increasing acceptance, so far the affirmation of cryptocurrency as better money has been thwarted by dramatic deflationary price instability. Successful at disposing of...

This paper studies optimal monetary policy in a model with credit frictions and money demand. We show that augmenting a standard New-Keynesian model with money demand and financial frictions generates a mechanism that, in equilibrium, gives rise to optimal negative nominal interest rates. In...

Fiat money requires no backing to be accepted at a uniquely determined positive value. I show this using an equilibrium model with realistic frictions and rational households allowed to freely interact in a competitive environment. The model portrays a modern 'cashless' economy relying on...

This paper addresses the perspective of Hayek's doctrine on monetary arrangements in the economy and his favorable argument for an international central bank over national central bank. I also discussed Hayek's view on free banking (i.e. for the free issue of bank notes) that would enable the...

The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL) rejects the fundamental 'Ricardian' proposition, that the government budget constraint must hold identically, that is for all admissible values of the variables entering the budget constraint. Accordingly, if the government is to meet its contractual...