pure distributive social systems to general social systems that combine competitive market exchange with the non …

transfers from parents to children are gifts, and not temporary help to overcome liquidity constraints. Second, inter vivos … gifts are compensatory in the sense that life-time poorer children will receive higher transfers than their life-time richer … siblings. Third, inter vivos gifts do not, however, make up the entire difference in life-time incomes. …

, nor for gifts, inheritance and many other services exchanged within families. Such behavior can be derived from three main … transfer. In a second model, altruism is impure as the parents want the child to behave in a certain way: exchange and … from being entirely motivated by direct exchange considerations. …