This study examines an extension of the Hotelling model of spatial competition in which there are two separated linear cities with two roads connecting them at the edges of the cities. Initially, the cost of passing them for consumers is too high so they are impassible, but one of them is...

There is a strong economic rationale for close cooperation between the public and private sectors. This has resulted in a significant increase in the demand for the provision of public services through instruments combining public and private money such as public-private partnerships (PPPs or...