When consumption of water and other utilities is measured collectively and payment for such services is equally shared … installation of individual meters affects water consumption. Using rich administrative data from the public water utility company … in Quito, Ecuador, it is estimated that water consumption decreases by about 8% as a result of the introduction of …

This paper addresses the economic efficiency of water production and distribution in a vertical supply chain consisting … of a water-provider and a consumer (municipality). The inherent conflicts over stocks and supply costs that emerge among … the parties in the water supply chain are modeled as a zero-sum stochastic differential game. Consequently, the effects of …