We show that firm valuations fell after a key expense became more visible in financial statements. FAS 123-R required firms to deduct option compensation costs from earnings, instead of disclosing them only in footnotes. Firms that granted high option pay experienced a significant earnings...

We document that stocks that have optimistic (pessimistic) consensus recommendations and are currently held by many short-term institutions exhibit large stock-return reversals: their large past outperformance (underperformance) is followed by large negative (positive) future alphas. The...