education for English language learners. It focuses on second language acquisition and unique needs of elementary ELLs to …

authors, this may lead to a form of cultural domination of English. The population speaking English as a first language is … other language. We develop a theoretical model of translation, which is estimated on the basis of UNESCO translation data …

continuous approach to characterize the optimal resolution of the trade-off between the precision of a language and the … complexity of the structures it uses, and its dependence on the information the language is used to describe. Notably, when the … cost of communication is endogenized using information theory, all words in an optimal language are equally precise and …