The creation of the European Central Bank and the Euro have brought new challenges to EU integration and economic … empirical research on the - transitory - decline of the Euro. Issues of exchange rate policy and international economic … relations also are addressed. Contents: European Monetary Union: Start of the Euro and the Need for Complementary Measures in …

The article examines whether the euro crisis can be entirely attributed to factors such as regulatory failure or fiscal … indiscipline, as opposed to the mechanisms built into the euro itself. It concludes that the euro contains a built-in bias that … of the eurozone (PIIGS). These experiences have proved that after the introduction of the common currency overcoming …