traditional public utility regulation - the predominant approach by which many energy resources were price regulated throughout … evolved in national energy regulation. Many energy resources are geographically-based in source and extraction, yet nationwide … regulation. However, the interest group story surrounding the movement towards energy markets is also heavily dependent on …

challenges not only huge investment in grid expansion and smart grid technologies is required, but also the network regulation … period, X-factor, and allowed rate of return. We conclude that in the era of smart grids, incentive regulation requires a … and smart grid technologies. To do so, incentive regulation should be supplemented by more innovative, investment …