We study the aggregate productivity effects of firm-level financial frictions. Credit constraints affect not only production decisions but also household-level schooling decisions. In turn, entrepreneurial schooling decisions impact firm-level productivities, whose cross-sectional distribution...

We show that skilled and unskilled labors are imperfect substitutes and that capital and skilled labor are complementary in production. The Korean economy has experienced skill-biased technical changes. The capital stock growth is found to be the main source of the economic growth. The...

A fundamental goal of any economy is to procure and use the factors of production effectively. These factors include human capital, investment, and other factors. The Solow model attempts to identify other key factors of production necessary for economies. This model emphasizes the human...

The recent empirical growth literature has noted that few countries’ incomes grow uniformly over periods longer than a decade or so. We consider growth variations over a period up to 66 years, study growth relative to a benchmark country, and collapse the varieties of growth experiences to...

Human capital plays an important role in the theory of economic growth, but it has been difficult to measure this abstract concept. We survey the psychological literature on cross-cultural IQ tests and conclude that modern intelligence tests provide one useful measure of human capital. Using a...

Based on a general framework for computing the aggregate human capital stock under heterogeneity across population cohorts, the paper derives aggregate human capital stocks in the whole population and in the labor force, and relates these variables to average years of schooling and average work...

Based on a general framework for computing the aggregate human capital stock under heterogeneity across population cohorts, the paper derives aggregate human capital stocks in the whole population and in the labor force, and relates these variables to average years of schooling and average work...

We combine two empirical observations in a general equilibrium occupational choice model. The first is that entrepreneurs have more control than employees over the employment of and accruals from assets, such as human capital. The second observation is that entrepreneurs enjoy higher returns to...

In 30% of young American couples the wife is more educated than the husband. Those women are characterized by a substantially higher employment (all else equal), which in turn amplifies income inequality across couples. Using NLSY79, we formulate and structurally estimate a dynamic life-cycle...

The social and the private returns to education differ when education can increase productivity, and also be used to signal productivity. We show how instrumental variables can be used to separately identify and estimate the social and private returns to education within the employer learning...