appropriate level of job search activity, and by imposing sanctions for infractions. Empirical studies consistently show that job … search monitoring and benefit sanctions reduce unemployment duration and increase job entry in the short term. There is some … evidence that longer-term effects of benefit sanctions may be negative. …

There is a growing interest in morale as a potential substitute for sanctions, encouraged by exerimental evidence that … people's morale affect their economic decisions. I show that while morale may be a substitute for sanctions for each citizen … contrast to sanctions, morale usually differ between individuals and this distorts the ranking of costs among sellers and …

Under extraterritorial sanctions the sanctioning country extends its policies to trade of third countries with the … game-theoretic model to explain the emergence of extraterritorial sanctions. Such trade sanctions i) do not arise when the … emergence of extraterritorial trade sanctions. …

appropriate level of job search activity, and by imposing sanctions for infractions. Empirical studies consistently show that job … search monitoring and benefit sanctions reduce unemployment duration and increase job entry in the short term. There is some … evidence that longer-term effects of benefit sanctions may be negative. …