The design of tests for discrimination in the credit market is controversial. This paper revisits the issue and pays special attention to double discrimination, which consists in targeting loan applicants who belong simultaneously to two vulnerable groups. Double discrimination may take...

Debates about poverty relief and foreign aid often hinge on claims about how many poor people there are in the world and what constitutes poverty. Good measures of poverty are essential for addressing the world poverty problem. Measures of poverty require a basis for determining who is poor and...

Poverty-reducing policies ought to prioritize the "deserving" poor, that is, those who do all that can be reasonably expected from them in their circumstances, but fail to achieve a minimum standard of living. To inform such policies, one needs a theory of justice accommodating norms of...

Widening economic inequality is fast becoming the defining social problem of this era. Although there are a number of policy mechanisms available for addressing the problem, taxation is the first and best tool for the job. The federal income tax code is already moderately progressive and thus...

In November 2007, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops issued quot;Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship - A Call to Political Responsibility from the Catholic Bishops of the United States.quot; This statement by the American Catholic Bishops provides guidance to Catholic voters on how...

Although developing countries face high levels of income inequality, they rely more on consumption taxes, which tend to be linear and are less effective for redistribution than a non-linear income tax. One explanation for this pattern is that the consumption taxes are generally more enforceable...

The paper proposes and applies statistical tests for poverty dominance that check for whether poverty comparisons can be made robustly over ranges of poverty lines and classes of poverty indices. This helps provide both normative and statistical confidence in establishing poverty ranking across...

The idea of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) is heavily discussed in the UK, with support and opposition from several parts of the political spectrum. This idea has been around for a long time and was first formulated more than two centuries ago. There have been several times when it has attracted...

Amartya Sen’s impossibility of a Paretian liberal underscores the trade-off between two widely applied social principles—liberalism and Pareto-optimality: “If someone does have certain liberal values, then he [or she] may have to eschew his [or her] adherence to Pareto optimality” (Sen...

Poverty-reducing policies ought to prioritize the "deserving" poor, that is, those who do all that can be reasonably expected from them in their circumstances, but fail to achieve a minimum standard of living. To inform such policies, one needs a theory of justice accommodating norms of...