methods of measuring household welfare (and, accordingly, poverty and inequality) based on expenditures have not considered … remote work during the pandemic. We then propose methods to impute transportation cost equivalents for household expenditure … aggregates. We use Georgia as a case study to compare these methods and assess impacts on poverty and inequality. The proportion …

collective household model offers an alternative and promising framework to estimate poverty at the individual level while …A key element of anti-poverty policy is the accurate identification of poor individuals. However, measuring poverty at … the individual level is difficult since consumption data are typically collected at the household level. Per capita …