Research across disciplines presumes that markets will have strong boundaries. Markets without well-defined boundaries typically are not useful and do not become institutionalized, so are expected to fade away. In contrast, we suggest that in many contexts lenient markets or market labels with...

This paper addresses the repeated acquisition of labels for data itemswhen the labeling is imperfect. We examine the improvement (or lackthereof) in data quality via repeated labeling, and focus especially onthe improvement of training labels for supervised induction. With theoutsourcing of...

A tree is said to be -magic if there exits a super magic labeling such that then the vertices of is partioned into three color classes , , so that the vertex labels in ∈ {1,2,3} are all consecutive labels. In this paper we have given -magic labeling of a class of trees with diameter four that...