Since private equity investments are not publicly traded, a key issue in measuring investment risks of institutional private equity investors arises from a careful measurement of investment returns in the first place. Prices of private equity investments are typically observed at low frequency...

Production inflexibility together with product price uncertainty creates price risk, which is a potentially important factor for firms' liquidity management. One industry for which price risk can be measured is the electricity producing industry. We use data on hourly electricity prices in 41...