This study shows that order flow in a foreign exchange market only has permanent price impact if it comes from certain regions. These regions are as predicted by the local information hypothesis centers of political and financial decision making. It is revealing that orders from other regions...

This paper provides evidence that informed traders dominate the response of limit-order submissions to shocks in a pure limit-order market. In the market we study, informed traders are highly sensitive to spreads, volatility, momentum and depth. By contrast, uninformed traders are relatively...