We document that, over the 20th century, age at first marriage followed a U-shaped pattern, while the gender education …

We develop a model to study the impact on gender gaps in participation and wages of a liquidity constraint that … gender gaps in the labour market. In this framework, an extension of paid maternity leave duration has ambiguous effects on … gender inequality. In contrast, child care subsidies, which require higher taxes, and loans, which do not, unambiguously …

, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and …This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …