Previous studies on the efficiency of oiI and gas markets have used monthly, weekly, or daily data. With the fast evolving, high-speed transaction globalized financial markets; efficiency of markets is better-explored using intraday day. In this paper, data sampled at 30-minute intervals...

Stock options have been traded in the United States from the late 1700s, and they are based on underlying common stock issues. Options and futures on corporate securities can be evaluated using the firm's common stock price and its volatility rate because this exercise takes in consideration...