We employ a novel dataset that allows us to study the risk-taking of institutional investors managing collective retirement savings plans on behalf of individuals. Unobservable factors (heterogeneous expectations, risk preferences of institutional investors) explain most of the variation in risk...

Kleibergen and Zhan (Robust Inference for Consumption-based Asset Pricing, Journal of Finance, 2020) propose a new approach to testing consumption-based asset pricing models. They find that recently proposed factors do not pass their test. I point out that their methodology also implies that the...

This paper provides an explanation for why garbage implies a much lower relative risk aversion in the consumption-based asset pricing model than National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) consumption expenditure: unlike garbage, NIPA consumption is filtered to mitigate measurement error. I...