In low-income communities in both rich and poor countries, redistributive transfers within kin and social networks are … that across countries, from Cote d'Ivoire to the United States, social groups that undertake more interpersonal transfers … transfers do not decline, indicating no loss in redistribution. Our estimates imply a 9-14% social tax rate. The welfare …

transfers from parents to children are gifts, and not temporary help to overcome liquidity constraints. Second, inter vivos … gifts are compensatory in the sense that life-time poorer children will receive higher transfers than their life-time richer …

transfer. In a second model, altruism is impure as the parents want the child to behave in a certain way: exchange and …. Tests usually conclude that the income pooling predicted by pure altruism is not observed, but family transfers are also far … consumption. This approximation cannot account for parents making transfers to adult children, children taking care of old parents …

in-kind transfers from their children to a value of between 22% and 86% of what the child receives in EMA. This means we …

-kind transfers from their child to a value between £7.80 and £20.10 per week. We therefore argue that making this cash transfer …

Altruism, giving and pro-social conduct, and reciprocity, are the basis of the existence and performance of societies … (which they sometimes also create); and in charity and specific organizations. Altruism has various origins: it can be … hedonistic or natural altruism in empathy, affection, sympathy, emotional contagion, pity, and compassion; or normative altruism …