IPO underpricing can be obtained by the issuing of bookbuilding compared with that of fixed price. Secondly, the IPO … underpricing may be larger than that under fixed price if the heterogeneity of investors under bookbuilding is larger than that …Background: Compared with the fixed-price mechanism, the bookbuilding mechanism has not changed the Chinese IPO high …

The signaling hypothesis suggests that firms have incentives to underprice their initial public offerings (IPOs) to … to an established market. Using a sample of 158 Polish IPOs from 2005 – 2009, we show that firms that underprice their … IPOs are more likely (i) to issue seasoned equity, (ii) to issue a larger portion of equity at the SEO, and (iii) to make …