This paper examines the liquidity, Tobin's Q, and cost of equity effects from voluntary and mandatory IFRS adoption. In … avoidance in the host country. We find that prior to the mandatory adoption of IFRS by the EU member states, voluntary adopters … across countries that have adopted IFRS …

We provide evidence on the effects of corporate lobbying on earnings management (EM). We argue that corporate lobbying … provides firms with some degree of political protection from enforcement of laws and regulations. Thus, lobbying firms face a … enforcement alters the relative costs of accrual management (AM) and real earnings management (RM). We expect lobbying firms to …