Firms' inflexibility in adjusting output prices to input-cost shocks exacerbates information asymmetry between firm insiders and outsiders, but the government's disclosure of economic statistics mitigates this problem. We measure the public visibility of firms' input costs using a combination of...

A standard real options model predicts a strong positive interaction effect between research and development (R&D) investment and product market competition. R&D-intensive firms tend to be riskier and earn higher expected returns than R&D-weak firms, particularly in competitive industries. Also,...